![]() A total of 19 items were rated on a scale scored from 0 to 3 (0, not during the past month 3, ≥3 times a week), with the total PSQI score ranging from 0 to 21 and a global score > 5 indicating poor sleep quality. The PSQI is a self-rated questionnaire that assesses seven components of sleep quality during the previous month: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. Insomnia symptoms were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Third, subjects were asked whether the COVID-19 epidemic had seriously affected their normal study and life, with responses ranging from 1 (“none”) to 5 (“severe”). Second, subjects were asked about their attitudes toward projections of trends in COVID-19, ranging from 1 (“very pessimistic”) to 5 (“very optimistic”). ![]() The self-administered questionnaire mainly includes the following three questions: (1) How well do you know about COVID-19? (2) Do you think COVID-19 has an impact on your normal study and life? (3) Are you optimistic or pessimistic about the development trends of COVID-19? First, subjects were asked about their familiarity with information about prevention and control of COVID-19, with responses ranging from 1 (“very unfamiliar”) to 5 (“very familiar”). The surveys addressing awareness of COVID-19 and its adverse impact(s) asked participants to select responses using a self-administered questionnaire. The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of and factors influencing insomnia symptoms among adolescents and young adults in the Chinese population during part of the COVID-19 outbreak.Ī data collection sheet was designed to collect basic sociodemographic information, while student awareness of COVID-19 (including knowledge and projections of future trends in the disease), adverse impact(s) of COVID-19, and insomnia symptoms were assessed using an online survey. Therefore, it is necessary to quickly assess sleep disorders related to emergencies induced by the epidemic. In particular, adolescents and young adults are experiencing complex situations such as school suspension, online classes at home, and reduced activities during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, previous studies have focused primarily on health care workers and adults, and little attention has been devoted to the relationship between mental health status and insomnia symptoms in adolescents and young adults, ,, ]. Many individuals have developed symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia due to COVID-19. Because so many individuals and countries have been affected rapidly, it has caused public panic and mental health stress. COVID-19 has spread to 212 countries/territories outside of China and, the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) has infected 3,018,681 patients globally (82,862 in China ) as of April 30, 2020. Stressful environmental events have been associated with insomnia and, for individuals experiencing stress, research has shown that, to some extent, social support is a helpful resource for coping with stress and an important protective factor in ensuring sleep quality, , ].Ĭoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, on Decemand was later declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Intensive research has revealed that acute insomnia may be regarded as a physiological response to acute stressors or “threats”, ,, ]. Stress and poor mental health are important psychosocial factors contributing to insomnia. ![]() ![]() Several studies have reported that insomnia symptoms are more common in girls and older adolescents. Insomnia in adolescents and young adults is mainly related to demographic and psychosocial factors. Sleep disorders in adolescents and young adults are characterized by a lack of sleep, difficulty falling asleep, or remaining asleep. The prevalence of insomnia symptoms in Chinese adolescents range from 3.4% to 12.2%, and the percentage of Chinese young adults experiencing insomnia symptoms is 20.3%. Previous studies have found that insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder among adolescents, ,, ] and young adults. Sleep disorders represent an important public health problem, and affect individuals across several age groups, including adolescents and young adults, with severe consequences for both the individual and society.
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